The idea of treatment with cell transplantation has about a century-long history and arose almost at the time when the first animal and human cell cultures were obtained. Great expectations and hopes are connected with stem cell therapy as a perspective method to treat such diseases like Alzheimer, Lui Herig, Parkinsons, Rehno (impairment of trophism and vasomotor innervation), cerebral palsy, Dushenns myodistrophy, neuralgia, neuromuscular diseases, cardiomyopathias and others.

     Due to numerous investigations of stem cell isolation and characterization, a broad range of information about the biology of embryonic and adult stem cells was obtained. These cells in their undifferentiated state have the ability to differentiate into different cell types and are able to regenerate injured organs. Nowadays stem cells have been isolated from almost all tissues of the body and the notion of inability of neural tissue to regenerate has been considerably changed. In vitro and in vivo stem cells research achievements draw practising doctor’s attention to stem cells, especially, to use them for the purpose of regenerative medicine.

     Hemopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation became customary procedure in hematology. Up-to-date hematology is impossible without HSC transplantation that can cure more than 100 items of cases. There are some known cases of total or partial eyesight recovery after optic nerve hypoplasy.

     Mesenchymal stem cells (from adipose tissue and bone marrow) are actively used to treat:

• immune system impairment (including autoimmune disorders) - rheumatoid disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, Krohn's disease, multiple sclerosis
• treatment and prevention of aging, atheroscleroses and its complications,
II type diabetes mellitus and its complications,
• male and female reproductive function improvement, total rejuvenation, revitalization,
• treatment of kidney, liver and vessels diseases,
• cerebral accidents (prevention and consequences),
• heart attacks (prevention and consequences),
• eye diseases (visual nerve atrophy)
• degenerative diseases of various localization, arthrosis, arthritis, osteochondrosis and cocsoarthrosis.
• are applied for bone tissue in vitro obtainment for limb lengthening and defects implantation, non-operative strengthening of jaw bone tissue to graft a tooth implant, paradontosys treatment

    Endothelial stem cells are actively used to treat different cardiovascular diseases, as a preventive measure of ischemia of different localization or male reproductive function recovery and so on.

   Epidermal stem cells besides epidermal cell layer regeneration and scar tissue treatment are able to regenerate hair follicles.